Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close Essay

There is no doubt that the book â€Å"Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close† by Jonathan Safranfoer focuses more on the story with Oskar, however it also includes a compelling side story of the life of the Grandfather. From reading the different events that occur throughout his years, the readers can sense a feeling of wrongdoing and reconciliation. The underlying story about the grandfather explains his reasoning behind his wrongdoing, what he did to commit to it, and his actions afterwards to reconcile on behalf of it. The early events of the grandfather’s life were complicated for him, and resulted in his mind being corrupt. Through the quote, â€Å"Does it break my heart, of course, every moment of every day, into more pieces than my heart was made of, I never thought of myself as quiet, much less silent† (Safranfoer 17), the seclusion between him and the world is starting to become noticeable. After suffering the loss of his first love, as well as his child, left him with an unbearable sadness so early in his life. This causes his views on living to be altered; as he thought of it as something that is a shame to partake in. His inability to even talk anymore; starting with the name â€Å"Anna† and slowly reducing to nothing, verifies that her death triggered his isolation. With that, he was left empty and reluctant to allow anyone to fill that void. Years after the Anna’s death, the grandfather started his relationship with the grandmother. Still isolating himself, he explained at the end of the book, his reasoning for leaving the grandmother prior through a conversation with Oskar, â€Å"‘How did he die’ ‘I lost him before he died’ ‘How? ‘I went away’ ‘Why? ’ He wrote, ‘I was afraid’ ‘Afraid of what? ’ ‘Afraid of losing him’† (Safranfoer 322). This is a strong quote explaining how the grandfather was too scared to love someone again. The rules that he and the grandmother placed with the something and nothing areas gave him his own type of comfort in continuing to live without Anna. When he learned of the grandmother’s pregnancy, he lost any remaining security that he has accumulated throughout the course of their relationship. His views on life and love were already corrupt as he was still broken from before, so with this, he remained confused on what to do. Unable to allow himself to open up and love another one of his children again, he left before he got the chance to. Contrarily, after leaving, the grandfather wrote multiple letters to the son that he never knew, which showed how ashamed he was of himself. However, due to his perspective on living, he feels that he was left with no other choice. This was an important moment when the grandfather was able to open up to the grandmother, which allowed the readers to gain an understanding of his true thoughts and feelings towards the events of his life. He lost something he never had. That is why he generated this chaos throughout his life. It hurt him, and although he does not specifically say that he wishes it did not happen, the tone expressed shows that he would have been better off without this suffering. To elaborate on that thought, one must put themselves in the grandfathers’ shoes. The person who he was in love with, who was also carrying his child, was killed in a war that was not even ideal to be a part of. Northrop Frye, author of ‘The Educated Imagination’ states, â€Å"What produces the tolerance is the power of detachment in the imagination, where things are removed just out of reach of belief and action â€Å"(Frye 46). For the readers, this seems like a common tragedy during the war, but to really hink deeply about the emotions of the people who lived through that misfortune portrays the grandfather in a different way. He had every right to feel the way he was feeling; war put many people in misery, for many different reasons, that revolved around the same topic, loss of a loved one. To live through that, and be expected to continue on with life conventionally is obscured. Frye explains that readers develop a tolerance when reading, but what must now be done is to learn to understand within the reach of belief and action. By being able to adapt to this deeper understanding, it is easier to understand the feelings going through the grandfather. Another way the reconciliation with the grandfather is seen is when Oskar confides in the grandfather; but to Oskar, is just the renter. After hearing the message recordings on the phone, the grandfather writes, in a letter to his son, â€Å"The message was cut off, you sounded so calm, you did not sound like someone who was about to die, I wish we could have sat across a table and talked about nothing for hours† (Safranfoer 281). Thinking from the grandfather’s perspective; he is listening to the voice of his son that he never met for the first time, right before the son is about to die. One could only imagine how traumatizing it would be to hear that. This encounter between Oskar and the grandfather was more of a rude awakening to the grandfather. He left his son before he could even meet him, and now, all he has left of him is the sound of his voice, minutes before he dies. The amount of regret within the grandfather is enormous; he is ashamed. By joining Oskar in digging up the casket, he puts the letters into it. This symbolizes his way of finally sending his son the letters. It is a way to put him at peace and finally reach out to his son. These events will always be a memory, but maybe now he can find a way to accept it and try ‘living’ in a new acceptable way. For the grandfather to experiences all these occasions, yet still confess to his mistakes, makes the underlying story about him an inspirational portion to the book. Having such a distressing event early in his life causes him to make mistakes and hurt the people who are significant to him, but in the end, he makes up for it; reconciles. In the world today, it is rare that someone who takes responsibility for their actions, and admits that they were wrong. The grandfather goes through such traumas in his life, and proves to be a strong, good-hearted man.

How does the Simpsons Contravene the Guidlines for Children’s Television? Essay

Violence, alcoholism, sex, oh, and yellow people! Yes, I’m talking about the cartoon comedy The Simpsons. Now entering its 19 year on television the cartoon is enjoyed by all ages, indeed all ages! The controversial show arises many questions not only about some of the divisive jokes, cult horror and bad language used but the question that divides a lot of frequent and infrequent viewers of the show; is The Simpsons suitable to be show during children’s TV time? The never aging family consists of the unconventional father, Homer, perfect housewife/mother, Marge, insurgent son, Bart, intellectual daughter, Lisa, and baby Maggie. Both father and son portray ever growing problems within society; in many episodes Homer finds himself strangling Bart as a punishment yet, child abuse is a massive problem and with out realising I find myself laughing. Its not until I think about what Homer has actually done is when I kick myself for it. And Bart is always getting in trouble and in some cases leads a rebellion all over Springfield. Okay, why is that funny and think of your children, if they see their parents laughing at that what’s to say they might re-enact Bart’s ‘teachings’? Will you be laughing then? Moving swiftly on, the cartoon regularly releases a new episode (mainly at Halloween) called ‘Tree House of Horrors’. In one of these degrading and preposterous episodes the family act out some famous scenes from a very hellish horror film; originally a book by Stephen King, The Shining. For anyone who knows this film it includes the father going insane and savagely murdering his whole family. What sort of image is this portraying to your children? The young children who watch The Simpsons go to bed with the thought in their mind that their Dad could go cerebral. When we think it’s all over and are trying to leave the imaginary, stereotypical, demoralizing world of the yellow Americans we are quickly bashed back in with another degrading and inhumane part of the show†¦ Itchy and Scratchy. The show within a show has its own theme tune and being based on violence it also has its own share of blood and gore. Although, cartoon blood is not terrible it is still not very enjoyable for young children.

Pay them by their performance and everyone benefits As a statement of Essay - 1

Pay them by their performance and everyone benefits As a statement of management - Essay Example Quite understandably, these people were in search for a formula or the prominent factors, which can affect these above mentioned variables. This search led these experts to many new concepts and approaches and out of them â€Å"pay for performance† is one of the most debated, and discussed ones. This paper, therefore, focuses on the same concept and is an attempt to analyze and explore different dimensions to this concept. It is important to understand that this system cannot come under study in isolation with the other systems of fixed pay systems. This is because that actually shortcomings and problems within the existing systems led to the discovery and creation of pay for performance. In fact, pay for performance was an attempt by organizational experts to rectify the problems with the fixed pay plans. One of the biggest problems with fixed pay plans was their inability to motivate employees to put in the extra effort. Employees were asking themselves that why should they put in extra effort into their jobs when they are not getting any rewards for the same. Tangible or intangible rewards are quite understandably the biggest motivational factors of the employees most of the times, and without their presence, life became miserable for the mangers who want extra quality work from their employees. Moreover, this was the time in the history when the market was increasingly becoming a ruthless and aggr essive place, when their bosses asked managers and company heads to continue a two-fold goal of cutting the costs and increasing the productivity of the organization and both at the same time. This eventually meant that the managers would have to motivate the employees to put in more effort with the same rewards, pay, or remuneration. As mentioned above, this was certainly not possible. This situation was problematic from two sides of the picture. The first side of

Department of Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Department of Homeland Security - Essay Example And a final review shows the successes and failures for the past, present and future of the DHS. Keywords: DHS, OIG, CRS, ACE, GAO. Department of Homeland Security Its Establishment, The Organization, Then and Now 2002 – 2013 Introduction: â€Å"Our nation is stronger than it was on 9/11, more prepared to confront evolving threats, and more resilient in the face of our continued challenges.† (Napolitano, 2011). It has been a decade since the attacks on September 11, 2001. Our nation lost nearly 3,000 innocent men, women and children as well as citizens from more than 90 countries. In the wake of the attack, America has become even stronger and resilient; however, threats still persist. We have overcome challenges in the past decade, but more strides need to be made to guard our nation against other large attacks or natural disasters on our own soil.(DHS.gov, 2012). We have come to realize that it is not only the responsibility of our government to maintain security but it is a shared responsibility of each American. The Federal government has partnered with government, the public and private sectors in communities across our country and other nations to strengthen the DHS’s infrastructure. This large security endeavor works to defend against threats, minimize risks, and maximize our response so that we may recover quickly from any attacks or differing disasters. (DHS.gov, 2012). The vision, â€Å"Preserving our freedoms, protecting America..we secure our homeland.† (Napolitano, 2013). Establishment, Breakdown and Purpose: Immediately after the 9/11 attacks President Bush took authoritative action to assure protection for America. In the document of June 2002 he established the White House Office of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council to assure that our federal response and protective actions would be effective in the future. He appointed Tom Ridge as Homeland Security Advisor to study the federal government and determ ine if what we have now would be sufficient to deal with a current threat. He was also instructed to evaluate the system as far as future threats and anything unknown. (Bush, 2002). The study determined that since 9/11 information learned about the enemy while fighting a war required more unification in the homeland security division. (Bush, 2002). The organization would focus on four specific and efficient divisions. 1. Border and transportation security would cover borders, transportation systems and territorial waters. Responsibilities of the Coast Guard, Customs, Immigration, Border Patrol, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the Department of Agriculture would all be under this division. The newly formed Transportation Security Administration would cover all entries into the United States. This security measure assured that border control and visas were held in a central information-sharing database. (Bush, 2002). 2. Emergency preparedness and response focused on training for domestic disaster preparedness of first responders and communication with the government disaster response efforts. FEMA would become a central division of the DHS.

ENTERPRISE PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ENTERPRISE PROJECT - Essay Example it has filled some of student’s spare time, they are now ready to concentrate on developing this business into a more efficient source of revenue while helping the environment by offering a suitable recycling of the personal computers and accessories. In order to secure funds from the angel investors, the company has decided to come up with a business plan which can be presented to the prospective investors. The plan would also be helpful in creating internal review of the targets, milestones and deadlines. Maverick Computer Breakers (MCB) operates with low overhead, but seeks capital for expanding their operations. Maverick Computer Breakers (MCB) has recognized various target segments which would be vigorously pursued. The biggest of them all is the  Individual Consumer segment which wants to upgrade to the higher version of the computers.   The other segment which can be pursued vigorously is the organization segments. This segment consists of the organizations which use computers for their regular operations. As the new and faster computers come into the market these organisation want to dispose of their existing machines. In the current scenario, either they are not aware of the disposal process or they do not have time to pursue the disposal. MCB would help them achieve the disposal of their existing machines at a reasonable cost. To establish Maverick Computer Breakers (MCB) as an important brand in the Computer breaking business that represents speed, efficiency and customer delight. The company will achieve this by using high quality customer service, doorstep PC collection facility, and extensive research into the computer recycling extending to e-waste recycling. By using this multi-channel approach the company expects to hit the niche market for Computer Breaking within our target market. Diagnosing the client’s needs by listening to their problem and providing a customized solution for a truly synergetic discussion which makes them understand

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

International Business - Essay Example However, the company realized the fact that China would be one of the largest markets in near future. Hence, in 2006 it decided to set up a different home page in Chinese. The site is controlled and maintained by the Chinese employees who work in the company’s Shanghai and Beijing offices. The main challenge that Google faced was to meet up its users’ expectation while not violating the Chinese government’s rules regarding the content of politically sensitive issues. Google has been famous for providing all the relevant search results irrespective of the nature of the subject of search. As a result, when the company started its full-fledged operation in China, users expected that they could access to more information. However, Google had to abide by the Chinese rule and hence declared that the company would enable Chinese users to access â€Å"the greatest amount of information possible† (Henninger, 2006). The company was unable to provide the best informa tion regarding subjects like democratic reform, Falun Gong movement, Taiwanese independence and Tiananmen Square massacre. As a consequence, several experts especially the human rights activists showed their protest against the company. Google tried to manage the situation by saying that it is actually better to provide limited information rather than provide nothing. This was, though, not in alignment with the Google’s ethical values, but the company had to compromise in order to manage the legal challenges from the Chinese government. In this case of Google, Chinese government is the host government which has played significant role in limiting Google’s ability to provide information to its Chinese users. Chinese government has strong policy regarding the nature of information that is to be revealed to the people of the country. It has been very cautious so that the common Chinese people cannot gain insight into the

Native Americans culture vs. Latin Americans culture Essay

Native Americans culture vs. Latin Americans culture - Essay Example It is natural that the representatives of one ethnical groups can have different types of character. Usually the peculiarities of ethnical groups are based on religious views. Though many forms of behavior have the cultural roots. The terms mainstream and ethnic minority point out and reinforce division in society, whereas the phrase multicultural society suggests that the different groups are a part of a whole. In every country society is still divided, with some groups receiving better treatment or having more opportunities than others, but many attempts have been made to reduce discrimination and increase harmony and understanding between people from all cultural backgrounds. According to Oxford Guide to British and American Culture (p123) it is an important empiric fact for racial-ethnical relationship in America (and all over the world): under the impact of immigration from different countries the variety of ethnical groups is increasing. We should not forget that the very racial-ethnical factor had given a special shade civilization to America. It is not surprising that now the problem of assimilation of many ethnical groups is current of importance. It is worth mentioning that a lot of problems for ethnical groups appear in the sphere of education. For example Latin Americans have great difficulties in schools because of weak knowledge in language and culture of Native American population. Immigrants from Latin America are the biggest and rapidly increasing part of ethnical minorities in US population. Usually they occupy rural territories. There is a remarkable peculiarity of Latin American’s culture: they actively resist assimilation with Native Americans. They try to preserve their national identity, mostly they speak Spanish and as a rule they live in their limited communities. L.S. Luedtke (1987, P.64) outlines that â€Å"the life of Native Americans was very difficult

The Impact of Apple Devices on Society Research Paper

The Impact of Apple Devices on Society - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that Apple Inc is a renowned America-based multinational conglomerate operating in software as well as hardware industry. The head office of Apple is situated in Cupertino in the region of California. It was established in the year 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne. It possesses in its assortment variety of products such as iPod, iTunes, iPhone, Apple TV, Mac accessories, and software to gratify customers’ desires. There are about 364 retail stores of Apple operating to present excellent products and /or services to its customers. In addition, the company employs approximately 60,400 employees across the globe to maintain its operations in an efficient way. As the paper highlights Apple has offered more attention to the facet of constant research and development to present various types of innovative products to the people. It facilitated Apple to expand its market share and profitability by a considerable extent. Moreover, it also improved the total sales of its products, thereby amplifying its supremacy in the market as portrayed in the figure below. The sales growth of the products of Apple is also shown in the below diagram, which reveals that the citizens across the globe highly prefer the products of Apple. In fact, the demand and the supremacy of the products of Apple amplified in recent years. Apple is recognized as one of the most successful brands in software market across the globe.

Week 2 - Journal - Reflections on Education Policy Coursework

Week 2 - Journal - Reflections on Education Policy - Coursework Example Such observations arise from the high cost of education coupled with the pressure arising from their poor backgrounds. President George Bush’s administration introduced the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001. The act remains the most recent and effective policy that seeks to address the problem by increasing funding to the education sector thereby supporting K-12 schooling in the country (Meier & Wood, 2004). The policy has made basic education affordable thus encouraging millions of American children from poor backgrounds to learn and develop careers. Following the formulation and implementation of the policy, the number of students has increased in numerous schools throughout the country. Prior to reading this week’s reading assignment, I believed the poverty was a major contributor to the rising cases of school dropouts. The week’s assignment proved my thoughts and showed that the government appreciated such social impediments to education thereby formulating and implementing laws that sought to provide every individual of a school going age with an opportunity to attend school and acquire appropriate grades capable of improving the quality of their

Is Cyber Love a Degraded Form of Real Life Love Essay

Is Cyber Love a Degraded Form of Real Life Love - Essay Example After chatting for several days, they realize that both of them cannot sleep tight without talking to their cyber friend or without saying goodnight to each other. The feeling of love develops when people are attracted towards each other or when the interest and hobbies match. When love happens online, it can then be tagged as cyber love. Cyber love results when couples chat with each other for months (Theng, 2009). There are various perceptions that people hold about cyber love. Most of them think that cyber love is unreal as people are not exactly aware of the identity of the person they are chatting with. Especially parents get scared for their children involved in online relationship. They are aware of the fact that cyber is a virtual world; therefore, one cannot trust people for their identity. Now the question arises if cyber love is a â€Å"degraded form† of real love. Before evaluating the phrase â€Å"cyber love†, there is a need to look at it through several p erspectives. Lately, there is an increasing trend in singles who are involved in cyber dating. Talk shows are a mean of creating hype for the cyber chatting. The movie You’ve Got Mail also contributed toward increasing the trend of cyber dating. Cyber love is, however, very different from real relationship. The cyber environment is quite restricted in comparison to the natural one. For a new cyber user, online chatting environment may be daunting (Grant, 2013). For new internet users, communicating through a cyber chat room is an obstacle at first. There are certain protocols which are followed online, for example, to avoid offending people and to in case of chatting with someone who recurs to the help of sarcasm. There is no non-verbal communication involved in chatting; typed words are the only mean through which a person may communicate and express his or her feeling for others. A newbie, before starting their chatting experience, observes other users interacting with each other. In this way, the newbie observes the internet chatting culture before they feel comfortable while interacting with others. To some degree, every internet user is mesmerised by the fantasy that it provides. The internet users must realise the fact that there is a certain level of sensitivity which is required to interact with others. There is a huge difference between interacting with people online and interacting with them in person. When two people continuously interact with one another through online chat room, they often fantasise that they have fallen in love. The chat room partners often plan to meet each on a specific day at a specific place. This is where reality meets fantasy. Several experiences have been shared by people where they have reported that their chat room partner was totally different from the one whose picture was displayed on the chat profile of their partner. After going through a period of disillusionment, people have understood how to use the intern et wisely and safely. Sherry Turkle, a sociology professor, studied the relationship that people share with computers, in his book Life on the Screen. He also defined the aspects of how people today relate themselves to the internet culture. According to professor Turkle, an individual builds one individual image of him/herself by cycling through several images.

Feminism and Misandry in Popular Culture Essay Example for Free

Feminism and Misandry in Popular Culture Essay Feminism is dead. What exactly do I mean? Feminism is meant to be about gender equality, but this is no longer true. Instead, feminism has become synonymous with misandry—the hatred of men. Men are society’s official scapegoats while women are portrayed as victims. Men are often penalized for the collective guilt of men throughout history, and women feel they deserve compensation for this perceived victimization in the past. While the early feminist movement ensured equal opportunity for women, it now serves women’s special interests. Popular opinion portrays men as violent and animalistic, while women are viewed as caring and matronly. This is a misnomer perpetuated by a gynocentric society. According to a 2003 study by the Domestic Violence Research Center, it is estimated that 6 million men are victims of domestic violence in Canada alone, accounting for nearly half of all instances of domestic violence. However, fewer than 100,000 cases of male domestic abuse were reported. While it is true that women make up a larger percentage of rape victims, one in thirty-three men is raped or attempted to be raped by a woman. Even more shocking is that less than 1% of all male rape cases are ever reported. Barbara Kay, a Canadian gender equalist, says that the disparity between the reported cases and estimated cases is†¦ â€Å"Due to cultural norms that require men to present a strong facade†¦ men are less likely to verbalize fear of any kind. † Further discrimination happens against fathers. It is commonly assumed that the best interests of the child coincide with the best interests of the mother, but this simply isn’t true. In the study conducted by Patrick Fagan and Dorothy Hanks published in The Child Abuse Crisis: The Disintegration of Marriage, Family, and the American Community, the most likely perpetrator of abuse to a child is the child’s mother. The father is the parent most likely to be the protector of children, and the same study found that the presence of a father greatly lessens the risk of child sexual abuse. Yet many child custody laws in Canada and the United States strongly favor women. Approximately 70% of all custody cases are awarded to women in Western culture, and this percentage drastically increases in America and in the South. Most significantly, though, is the guilt that men must endure. Masculine traits are considered shameful or low-brow, while feminine traits are viewed as refined or high-brow. Overt manliness is something likened to piggishness or idiocy. Male sexuality is depicted as lustful harassment, while female sexuality is flaunted as beautiful and elegant. The hatred of men has become so mainstream that even Hallmark—known for its politically correct sentiments—features cards reading â€Å"There are plenty of things easier than finding a good man†¦ Nailing Jell-O to a tree, for instance. † or â€Å"Men are scum†¦ Excuse me. For a second there, I was feeling generous. † Hallmark is not the only one making money off of popular prejudice: TV shows, books, comic strips and even the new media all pander to this sexist trend. Western culture is seen as the height of the civil rights movement. Great activists like Louisa G. Anderson and Susan B. Anthony revolutionized Britain, America and the rest of the world. Modern feminism, however, caters to the personal gain and special interests of women. Gender equality applies to men and women alike, despite efforts by feminist elitist to degrade and exclude the male gender. Men endure much of the same injustice as women. Misandry is of equal importance to misogyny, and should be treated with the same intolerance.

External Environment And Organisational Culture Of Apple UK Marketing Essay

External Environment And Organisational Culture Of Apple UK Marketing Essay The aim of this report is to explain the brief history of Apple Inc and analyse the internal and external environment and organisational culture of Apple UK. The findings in this report will supported by academic models and theories. 2.0 Methodology: The internet is useful source for any kind search, the information I gathered for this report is from search engine e.g. Google, university recommended books and lecture notes. 3.0 Introduction: Environment can be defined as, the amalgamation of external physical circumstances that impinge and influence the augmentation, development and survival of creation. Therefore, the business environment would define as same, all the factors internal and external that affects its profitability and growth. It is very important for the business leader to carry out business environmental analysis to understand their business topography at present time. Apple Inc is an American company which operates in different countries in other words. This report briefly characterizes the Apple UK environmental analysis. The environmental analysis will focus on internal environment SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats) and external environment will focus on PESTEL (political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal) of Apple UK with the support of academic models and theories. The final part of this report is the assessment of Apple culture and organisational culture. 4.0 Defining the Business Environment: Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantages for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations. (Johnson and Scholes) Business environment means the forces or the factors that affect the business decisions. It is important for businesses to analyse those forces in order to come up with problem solving solutions. Some of those forces are out of business control e.g. political, social, economical these forces called as external forces which are out of business control. The environment which businesses have or can hold is called the internal environment. 4.1 Importance of Business Environment: History is abundant with paradigms of organisation that have failed to apprehend their operating environment, or simply fizzle to react to transform in the environment. The after-effect was gradual decay in their profitability, and hereafter they may break off to exist as a viable business. Therefore, understanding business environment is very important it brings the early assimilation of opportunities and threats that business may suffer and helps to prevent from oncoming business threats instead of losing to competitors. 4.2 Analysis of Business Environment: Environmental analysis is a precise evolution that initiate from assimilation of environmental factors, accessing their constitution and impact, analysing them to come up with their impact to the business, and accomplishing distinctive contour for positioning. Business environment can competently assay using following business environment: 4.2.1 Internal Business Environment: Internal environment reflects the internal factor of the business which organisations can control and can adapt or alter from time to time. The best way of explain internal business environment of any organisation is use of SWOT and Porters value chain analysis. 4.2.2 External Business Environment: External business environment represent the uncontrollable factors, the external factors can be analysed using PESTEL and Porters five forces. Kotler argues that PESTEL analysis is an effective strategic tool for understanding market development and decline, business position, conceivable and direction for operations. 5.0 What is Apples Inc. Apple Inc is an American intercontinental organisation with a hub on conception and fabricating consumer electronics and intimately connected software products. Entrenched in Cupertino, California on April 1, 1976 Apple evolves sells and supports a variety of personal computers, music players, mobile phones, and computer softwares and hardware accessories. As of November 2010, Apple operates over 300 stores worldwide and online shop where its products are sold. The Apples well known hardware products involve Macintosh for personal computers, the iPod for media players and iphone. The Apple Inc was known as Apple computers Inc for its first thirty years of business. The Apple Inc dropped computers from its name on January 9, 2007 because the Apples expansion towards consumer electronics in accessions to its core business of personal computers. Apple employs over 49,400 employees worldwide and Apples financial results for its fiscal fourth quarter ended September 25, 2010 Apple posted record revenue of $20.34 billion and net quarterly profit of $4.31 billion or $4.64 per diluted share. 5.1 Apples Inc History: Apple was established on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Woznaik and Roland Wayne to sell its Apple I personal computers. Roland Wayne left the company on January 3, 1977 who sold his share back to Jobs and Woznaik. The Apple I personal computers were hand built by Woznaik in the common room of jobs fathers home. The Apple I was came to market at home brew computers club almost 200 computers were built and was sold as motherboard not they sell currently as full personal computers. 1989-1991 been called first golden age for apple when apple introduces its power book in 1991, the modern layout of laptop computers and the same year Apple introduces system 7 for its operating systems. Apple introduces its online store on November 10, 1997; Apple introduces its new all in one Mac computer on August 15, 1998. Apple sold almost 800,000 units of imac in first five months and holds the strong name in the market also made a good profit. Apple opened its first retail store in Virginia and California on 19 May 2001 and carry on opening new stores in United States and other countries. In later 2001 Apple introduces its music player iPod, it was a big success and sold over 100 million units in six years since it introduce. Apple introduces its first chip computer on January 10, 2006 a note book computer called Mac book pro in 2006 Apple transformed all its products into Intel chips. In 2007 Apple announced the launch of iPhone and Apple TV and the following day Apple share price hit all time high. Apple introduces its iPhone in 2007 which was big success and later updated version of Apple iphones and in 2010 Apple launched its new innovation called iPad. 5.2 Apple Inc Mission Statement: Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumer around the world through its innovative hardware, software and internet offering. 5.3 Apple Inc Vision Statement: Man is the creator of change in this world. As such he should be above systems and structures, and not subordinate to them. 6.0 Apples Inc UK Environmental Analysis: Apple Inc is the leading consumer electronic brand in United Kingdom, operating around 29 Apples retail stores and online store within UK. Apple UK environment can be analyse using internal and external environmental analysis. 6.1 Apples Inc UK Internal Environmental Analysis: Apples internal environmental analysis represents the factors which Apple has controlled over them, those factors best analyse using SWOT analysis and Porters Value chain analysis. 6.1.1 SWOT Analysis of Apples UK: SWOT analysis will focus on following factors of Apple Inc: Source: http://www.bizstrategies.biz/swot-analysis.html 6.1.1.1 Strengths of Apple Inc UK: Brand Name: Apple has well established and strong brand name among the consumer and its competitor through quality and introducing new products. Innovative: Apple is been innovative since the beginning, always come up with new ideas and products. Microsoft and Intel: Apple use to produce its own software for its product but working with Microsoft and Intel gave edge to its profitability. Research and Development: Apple has strong research and development to its competitor this is the reason apple always come up with new innovation. Financial Vitality: Apple has cash reserve continued strong and stable although the idle market shares development of computer hardware and software area. Apple achieves this by resisting market pressure to cut cost by product packaging and forming strategic agreement. Customer Loyalty and Quality: Apple has strong customer loyalty because of the quality of product that Apple provides to its customers. 6.1.1.2 Weaknesses of Apple Inc UK: High Price: Apples products are higher in price, even though many of consumers want to use Apples product but they cannot afford to buy one. Weak Relationship: Apple relationship with Microsoft and Intel is not as strong as it should be. Weak Presence in Business Area: Apple have only 29 retail store operating in United Kingdom. The Product Life Cycle: The Apples product life cycle is very small so the revenue is mostly depending on its new product or service. Less Attraction towards Corporate Customers: Apple products do not attract corporate customers. Technological Complications: Apples mostly face problems with its software and hardware. 6.1.1.3 Opportunities of Apples Inc UK: Fast Growing Industry: Apple started with personal computers, now they are selling music players, laptop computers, mobile phones, iPads and also online music store. Technological Innovation: Apple can develop strong position in market doing joint venture and Laptop computer market growth is high so it can develop new models to fulfil the need of customers. The Online Store: the e-commerce is growing rapidly, ITunes is the online store developed by Apple. Improve Warranty and Reduce Prices: Apple can improve its warranty program and reduce its product prices to challenge its competitors prices and hold a strong position in market. 6.1.1.4 Threats of Apple Inc UK: Fierce Competition: Apple has strong competition with its competitors within same industry. Economic Crisis: economic crises have negative impact on Apple sales because consumers do not spend too much in critical situations. Microsoft: Microsoft recently launched windows 7 with alluring user interface and new features which can attract Macintosh user to switch to windows. ITunes: free downloading of music and videos may affect the profitability of Apple online store. 6.1.2 Porters Value Chain Analysis of Apples UK: Source: http://www.ukeducation.org.uk/qdocsview.asp?ID=1340 The value chain approached was established by Michael Porter in his book competitive advantage in the 1980s. Michael Porter value chain analysis accommodates a series of activities found to be accepted to a wide range of organisations. Porters describe primary and supportive activities as shown in the above diagram. 6.1.2.1 The Primary Activities of Value Chain and Apple UK: Inbound Logistics: the process of acquiring and depot of raw materials and their distribution to accomplishing as they are appropriated. In case of Apple UK the inbound logistics are the new ideas, product designs, Intel chips and other required raw material. Operations: it is the process of transforming inputs into outputs and services. Apples software products are developed in US and all the hardware products e.g. computers, music players and mobile phones assembled in China. Outbound Logistics: it is the process of distributing and warehousing of products. In case of Apple products are distributed from Chine and warehoused in Apples allocated warehouse in UK. Marketing and Sales: the process of identifying customers requirement and creation of sales. When the Apple product is ready to entre in the market Apple advertise it itself showing rich features and Apple suppliers advertise it as well to generate awareness among the consumers. Service: it is the process of feedback after the products and services are sold to customer. Apple feedbacks from its customers are always good about its products and services it is because of the quality Apple provide to its customers. 6.1.2.2 The Supportive Activities of Value Chain and Apple UK: Firm Infrastructure: it focuses on the organisational culture, structure and organisational control system. Apple is an American multinational organisation its UK operation is influence by its background and consideration of consumer needs in United Kingdom. Human Resource Management: represents the recruiting of employees, development, training and compensation. Apple UK recruits the local staff and trained them about their products so they can help and satisfy Apples customers. Technology Development: the important part of any organisation it focuses on improves and new technology introduce to system it gives organisation a competitive advantage. Apple itself a technology business so keep introducing new and beneficial technology to its business. Procurement: it focuses on valuable purchase of inputs such as raw material equipment and supplies. Apple main raw material is to buy chips to produce good quality and moderate products. 6.1.3 Critical Discussion on Apple Internal Environment: SWOT and Porters value chain analysis explained the internal environment of Apple UK, hence it will help to understand the current and future position of organisation. SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunities and threats) analysis of Apple shows the strength of company the factors which Apple are doing its best, weaknesses explained the factors which Apple do not provide its best, opportunity explained the factors what Apple can achieved using its resources and threats shows the factor which can damage the profitability and growth of Apple. SWOT analysis shows the strength of Apple is very strong to protect its image, the weakness Apple has they can do more research and development to overcome those weaknesses, Apple must utilise its opportunities to make its brand strong and if Apple can work on their weaknesses and opportunities its threats will be overcome or may be reduce. The Value chain analysis show the business culture and business operating system which shows that Apple Value chain is valuable because their product assembled in China with low cost and they have their UK operating system and human resource follows the required environment as in United Kingdom. 6.2 Apples Inc UK External environmental Analysis: External environment represent the factors which organisations do not have controlled over them. PESTEL and Porters five forces will best explain the Apples external environment. 6.2.1 PESTLE Analysis of Apple Inc UK: Source: http://www.marketingminefield.co.uk/marketing-plan/pestle-analysis.html Political: government type, its stability, current and future taxation policies. Apple does not have any control over it, to cope with this Apple has to change with it as in United Kingdom VAT rate is going up to 20% from 17.5% it will cause Apples product prices will go up. Economical: economical situation, inflation, interest rate and strengths of consumer spending. It will directly affect the Apple and its profit, if economical situation is bad consumer will spend less. Social: population growth rate, life style of people, culture, religion media views and perception. Apple has to consider all those things to do business and have to have with consumer needs. Technological: it represents the current and future technology, research and development and rate of technology change. Apple itself an electronic organisation so it has to keep up to date and move on to new technologies. Legal: it focuses on legislation in employment and health and safety, changes in law, trading policies and regulatory bodies. Apple has to update itself with new legal laws and change its policies according to it. Environmental: it focuses on recycling consideration, amount of pollution created by product or services, attitude to the environment from government and environmental pressure groups. Apple is electronic organisation so it has to consider its packaging that it can be recycled. 6.2.2 Porters Five Forces Analysis of Apple Inc UK: Source: http://notesdesk.com/notes/strategy/porters-five-forces-model-porters-model/ The five forces model was developed by Michael Porter in his book competitive strategy in 1980s. The model is simple but effective tool to understand business position. It is helpful to understand current competitive strategy and strength of business that it is cogitating to move into. The five factors in this model are: Supplier Power: it accommodates all the supply of inputs that are required to provide products or services. It reflects how many, and who is the supplier of the company and what is the strength of supplier and switching to different supplier will cost more, as Apples main supplier of chips are Intel. Buyer Power: it is impact the consumers have on company, when buyer power is strong the relationship of the company is called monopsony in economist term. When there are many suppliers and one buyer then the buyer set the price. Apple has many competitors they sell their products less in price than apple, the buyer threat for Apple is high. Threat of new Entrant: competition is high and every organisation wants to diverse it business so it is easier for companies to enter in new market. Apple is electronic organisation it already has many competitors around so threat of new entrant is high for Apple. Threat of Substitute: it focuses on the alternative products available in market with low price and better performance. Apple produce music players, computers, mobile phone and iPad there are many other companies which are producing same products with lower price. Competitive Rivalry: it describes the competition between the existing companies in same industry high competition result in margin, pressure on selling price. Apples products are higher in price than its competitors so threat level is high for Apple. 6.2.3 Critical Discussion on Apple Inc UK External Environment: External environments are the uncontrollable factors for any organisation. Apples external factors were analysed using PESTLE and Porters five forces. PESTLE analysis focused on political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental factors of Apple UK. However Apple does not have any controlled over them but Apple can change it with them, recently the current United Kingdom government increased VAT rate to 20% from 17.5% this will result in product prices it will go up. Apple can reduce its price to keep customers happy or offered them some incentive. Most of the organisations have pressure from environmental organisation about environment pollution Apple can produce its recycled packaging. Apple has to keep considering social and economical factors and do research and development to cope with them. Porters five forces helps to gain competitive advantage, Apple have many competitors around but it has strong brand value and name and competitive advantage from its compe titor. Apple have to keep analysing five forces of Porter and find its best place in the market and carry out more research and development to bring new ideas and innovations. 7.0 Organisational Culture: Organisational culture is the nature of the organisation. Culture is composing of the beliefs, values, norms and corporeal artefacts of organisation employees and their behaviour. Any organisational culture can be best analyse using Geert Hofstede cultural dimension. 7.1 Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions: Hofstede found five different cultural dimensions in his study of interaction between national and organisational culture. Power Distance: represent the power within the society is divided equally or unequally and what extant society accepts this power distribution. Individualism: individualism is the one side against its opposite. Individualism/ collectivism represent the people act according to self interest or the interest of group. Masculinity: masculinity against its opposite femininity represents the distribution of role between genders. Uncertainty Avoidance: it refers the member of the society requires structure and boundaries at work place. High uncertainty avoidance societies are intolerant of risk. Low uncertainty avoidance societies are where risk and anomaly widely accepted. Long-term Orientation: it refers to society accent attached to future against the present and past. In long term people appraise action and approach that affect the future and in short term people appraise action and approach that affect present and past. 7.2 Apples UK organisational Culture: Source: http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_united_kingdom.shtml Apple is a multinational organisation its business structure based on country of origin. Apple United Kingdom culture based demographic and social factors of UK. Hoftede study of cultural dimension show UK is most like to be individualistic culture followed by masculinity. It shows people in United Kingdom are individualistic and there is not much difference between genders. Apples employees are more individualistic and there is not bias against any gender, therefore Apple is the successful organisation within the United Kingdom. 8.0 Recommendations: Apple has many competitors within its industry, Apple try to reduce the cost of products and maintain good quality. Apple has very less retail stores it must try to open more stores and joint venture with any big organisation will help to expand the business. Apple must continue to bring new ideas and innovation and expand its business. 9.0 Conclusion: Apple is the successful company with a strong brand name and has many competitors within same industry. Apple internal business environment was analysed by using SWOT and Porters value chain analysis. SWOT analysis focused on strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which explained Apples strength give it a strong hold against its competitors, weakness and threats would overcome by research and development, opportunities will bring more strength to organisation. Porters value chain analysed Apple business system which is valuable but they to consider it to cut the prices of its product. Apple external environment was analysed using PESTLE and Porters five forces the external factors are uncontrollable factors that Apple do not have any controlled over them but it cannot resist them but change with them effectively to maintain its growth and profitability. Organisational culture represents the nature of organisation Hofstede cultural dimension helps to analyse culture. United K ingdom is most likely to be individualistic and masculinity cultures where people work for self interest and there is not much differ in gender. Apple UK culture is suitable and acceptable for the people in United Kingdom that what make Apple is a successful organisation in the United Kingdom.

The Chappaquiddick Incident

The Chappaquiddick Incident The Chappaquiddick incident was a car accident on Chappaquiddick Island in Massachusetts on July 18, 1969. There was a lot of subsequent investigations pertaining to the case and It started to raise questions on his honesty and courage along with him being viewed differently by all. It happened after the party that Ted Kennedy hosted for a group of six women, including Mary Jo Kopechne, known as one of the boiler-room girls who was serving on Robert F. Kennedys 1968 presidential campaign. Ted was a U.S. senator, a spokesman for liberal causes, including civil rights, health care and immigration for 47 years from 1962 to 2009, and was a leader of the Democratic Party, he was known for his ability to work with those on both sides of the political aisle. He was the youngest of one of the wealthiest families in the nation, one of nine children of Joseph P. Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. He attended Harvard in college and shortly after being expelled he enlisted into the army, but m istakenly signed up for four years instead of two. After somehow fixing his years back to two instead of four, he attended law school at the University of Virginia, and was cited for reckless driving four times yet his Virginia drivers license was never revoked. After the assassination of his brother he became the acknowledged leader of Senate liberals and served as assistant majority leader in 1969-1971. Ted was devastated by his brothers death more than anything, as he was closest to Robert Kennedy among those in the Kennedy family. Ted at Roberts funeral eulogized: My brother need not be idealized, or enlarged in death beyond what he was in life; to be remembered simply as a good and decent man, who saw wrong and tried to right it, saw suffering and tried to heal it, saw war and tried to stop it In 1964, he was immensely injured in a plane crash, and hospitalized for several months. The test results done by the hospital at the time he was admitted had shown he was legally intoxic ated. He was legally married to Joann Bennett in 1958 and was identified to be interested in plenty of other women as well. The married couple had more than enough miscarriages before they had three beautiful children( which In 1973, Kennedys son Edward Kennedy, Jr., was discovered to have chondrosarcoma his leg was amputated and he underwent a long, difficult, experimental two-year drug treatment.) The situation put pressure on Joan, who has went to facilities for alcoholism and emotional strain several times and was arrested for drunk driving after a traffic accident. During the time frame of the incident Kennedys wife had high expectations for another pregnancy that she ended up miscarrying and blaming Ted saying that his personal scandal caused it, they then divorced and she received $4 million dollar settlement when the divorce went through in 1982. Kennedy and His 28-year-old(6 days shy of becoming 29) companion Mary Jo Kopechne were the only ones present during the scandal. T he surrounding circumstance was that Kopechne told him that she was very eager to leave, and if he would be kind enough to drop her back off to her hotel. Kennedy had his own testimony on the incident saying he accidentally drove his car off a one-lane bridge, losing control, and plunging into the water of Poucha Pond and into a dike, killing/suffocating/drowning Mary due to him not remembering any of the turns and not remembering the road or details in general, Kennedy said he repeatedly went back to the scene of the crash and dove into the water to try to save her but complained he wasnt successful and ended up surviving without any significant injuries, returning back to the party he came from afterwards. Ralph Chiumenti, an engineer who spends most his summers on Chappaquiddick island pointed out how someone driving very fast would not have noticed that the bridge is at a slight angle to the road. They would also have to be driving fast to land in the channel. The receptionist a t his motel also claimed that the senator appeared unbothered or severely natural when he came to her to borrow a dime to make a phone call two and half hours before he actually reported the tragedy to the police, leaving more unanswered questions and actions to linger over the events of the fatal evening. Kennedys reputation recovered somehow and he became one of the legislatures most effective members. His actions following the misfortune were not only disturbing but unhuman. He did not immediately report what had happened, in fact he reported it 11 hours after he had made a majority of 17 phone calls and texts. A young boy and some scuba divers noticed the sunken car and lifeless woman before Kennedy reported it. Due to such harm and procrastination he pleaded guilty to a charge of leaving the scene, clouding his political future. Seeing that sex, alcohol, and tragedy have often been features of senator Kennedys personal life, it has been a feature in most parts of the family including his nephew, William Smith. There was an incident under investigation occurring on March 30th at the Kennedys seaside mansion in Florida where a 29-year old woman insisted that William, kennedys nephew raped her subsequently charging him with sexual battery. While running investigations on this conflict, Kennedy supposedly purposely dodged detectives, who were in fact looking to interview him. Making it look more suspicious that he was somewhat involved including the evidence of him asking his nephew, William how was she? Did you wear protection?. The alleged rape further damages the unforgettable familys reputation. Many rumors were never proven during this time of questioning of senator Kennedy regarding that he was a bloated drunk and he typically used his standing in the Kennedy clan to chase after vulnerable women, and that the CIA framed him due to them not wanting to assassinate Senator Kennedy. The government was immensely impacted due to Kennedy pleading guilty to leaving the scene of an accident and receiving a two month suspended sentence (perform a period of probation), and his license was suspended for a year along with his presidential dream dying on chappaquiddick and causing him to rethink other elements throughout his life. Although the evidence collected that Ted could not be held fully responsible for Marys death only because her alcohol level when found was .09% (equivalent to 5 drinks.) The investigations given werent as serious as they should have been, the police failed to do the most common things including failing to interrogate Kennedy and not questioning any of the party participants. The aftermath of this catastrophe ended up with Kennedy second guessing to continue his political career and declined his presidential hopes although he still served as a U.S. senator of Massachusetts into the 21st century. Due to such catastrophe, Kennedy worked harder than ever afterwards. Not only politicians but Mary Jo Kopechne suffered because of its far reaching effects of sorely damaged hopes. There is no forgiving the incident that took the life of Mary Jo Kopechne. Her family and friends were emotionally unstable after the fact of the incident and in terms of a settlement, Mary Jo Kopechnes family eventually received $140,904.00 from Kennedy and $50,000.00 from his insurance coverage. It was said by mostly everyone that senator Kennedy was a monster who left a permanent stain on US political culture after the tragedy happened. There is no way to understand how Ted Kennedy managed any of it. Many people even question it today, but clearly he has had a lot of backup behind his ideas and opinions and has been a brilliant senator overall and always kept his personal life and political life completely separate even though hes had a lot of complications. When it was time for Marys funeral, Kennedy, for once, rose above his own character to show up and bring along his wife at the time. Once the gossip and talk died down, Ted carefully choreographed a televised speech where he admitted his behavior had been indefensible but denied it had anything to do with alcohol. Shortly after, there were not only books being made about this accident but movies as well. He later referred to his actions as inexcusable and said that Kopechnes death haunts me every day of my life, and continued to admit his mistakes. Ted was not very fond of everyone making it out to be a joke and he mentioned, for a few months everyone had to put on this show, and then I just didnt care anymore, I just saw no future, and thats when I truly became an alcoholic.(Columbia University Press) Like his father, he had every gift in the world except the length of years. He ended up passing away at age 77, in August 2009 after battling a brain tumor and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. He was diagnosed with a malignant glioma (any tumor formed in the glial, or supportive, brain cells, which are different from the better-known neurons.) Its the most malignant, the most aggressive, the tumor of the brain associated with the shortest survival, said Marc Chamberlain, a professor of neurology and director of the Brain Tumor Program at University of Washington. Kennedys personal life came to dominate his image although his political career was mostly outstanding. Ted Kennedy has went through so many tragedies in his c omplicated life and all his actions and reactions to all of them were slightly normal but also shady at the same time. Not all of the things that were reported and said by reporters and authors added up. There were more rumors and stories than anything on Teds legacy. Although hes had too much drama and complications in his life he is a person and human being like the rest of us and not everyone is perfect. The chappaquiddick incident had become a secondary part of his life and even years (anniversaries) after it is still commonly thought of and brought up in newspapers and books around the country.

Character Study of Blance Dubois in A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

Character Study of Blance Dubois Tennessee Williams was once quoted as saying that "symbols are nothing but the natural speech of drama...the purest language of plays" (Adler 30). This is clearly evident in Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire. As with any of his major characters, any analysis of Blanche DuBois much consist of a dissection of the play’s dialogue, supplemented by an understanding of the â€Å"language† of symbols in which Williams often speaks. Before one can understand Blanche's character one must understand the reason why she moves to New Orleans and joins her sister, Stella, and brother-in-law, Stanley. By analyzing the symbolism in the first scene, one can understand what prompted Blanche to move. Her appearance in the first scene "suggests a moth" (Williams 96). In literature a moth represents the soul. So it is possible to see her entire voyage as the journey of her soul (Quirino 63). Later in the same scene she describes her voyage: "They told me to take a streetcar named Desire, and then transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off at Elysian Fields" (Quirino 63). Taken literally this does not seem to add much to the story. However, if one investigates Blanche's past one can truly understand what this quotation symbolizes. Blanche left her home to join her sister, because her life was a wreck. She admits, at one point in the story, that "after the death of Allan [her husband] intimacies with str angers was all I seemed able to fill my empty heart with" (Williams 178). This â€Å"desire† is the driving force, the vehicle of her voyage. It was this desire that caused her to lose her high school teaching position, and it is this desire that brings her to the next stop of her symbolic journey, â€Å"Cemeteries,† and finally to "Elysian Fields". The inhabitants of this place are described in Book six of the Aenied: â€Å"‘They are the souls,’ answered his [Aeneas'] father Anchises, ‘whose destiny it is a second time to live in the flesh and there by the waters of Lethe they drink the draught that sets them free from care and blots out their memory.’"(Quirino 61) This is the place of the living dead. Blanche came to Elysian Fields to forget her horrible past, and to have a fresh start (Quirino 63). In fact Blanche admits in the fourth scene that she wants to "make (herself) a new life" (Williams 135).

Computer Illiteracy :: Computer Illiteracy

Society is currently in a period of rapid technological change. Computers are becoming a household item as well as a highly advanced tool for most every workplace. The entire world is interlinked through the Internet and information is being transferred across the globe in a matter of seconds. Computers are getting smaller and quicker and the amount of information they can store is getting larger. In this information society that we are becoming, a new advanced form of literacy threatens to debilitate anyone who refuses to step into the computer age. Computer illiteracy endangers not only the individual but our nation’s economy. Whether you like it or not, computers are the new language and those who refuse to accept this will be left in the dust . Computer illiteracy must be addressed now or there will be a whole new population of specialized illiterates in America. There is no doubt that computers are firmly implanted in our nation’s daily existence. Everyday I use a computer at least once, either writing a paper, surfing the Internet or checking my e-mail. On a recent trip to the library to do research I was quickly escorted by a librarian to the variety of computer databases, which are the fastest and most current source of information I found a survey in Statistical Abstracts of the United States comparing students use of computers in kindergarten through college from 1984 to 1993. A total of 27.3% of students used computers in schools in 1984, while a total of 59.0% used computers in 1993. This shows a steady rise in scholastic computer use and these figures are probably greatly inflated by now in 1997. Sadly, many people refuse to face the onslaught of computer technology. A 1994 survey conducted by Dell Computers indicated the 55% of Americans are phobic or resistant to computers (Column). In addition, many important people, including CEOÕs of major companies, are rumored to be computer illiterate (Column). The former CEO of IBM even admitted to never using a computer (Column). Fortunately, PC’s are becoming more and more user friendly as the technology improves. Fewer errors, less maintenance and quicker functioning should encourage many reluctant people to finally step into the new era. Computer literacy requires that an individual be able to word process and have a basic knowledge of CD-Roms, database and the Internet. These are the basic objectives of computer literacy, just as composition may be the objective of regular literacy.

Headaches :: essays research papers fc

The website that I am writing my paper on is http://www.healthsquare.com/headaches5.htm and it is called â€Å"What Triggers Headaches†? The website tells all the different things that can cause headaches, such as anxiety, stress, emotions, and a person’s diet. The article also mentions that the four leading factors that lead to headaches, from a questionnaire, are anxiety, glare, noise and anger. I believe that most of the things the site mentions do cause headaches. Caffeine, I believe, causes me the most headaches. I think that anxiety being first is correct because anxiety and stress does seem to cause more headaches, besides caffeine, than anything else. Having emotional stress seems to cause some of my headaches. The article mentions that emotional stress doesn’t cause headaches; however, it makes us more susceptible to them. The reason we are more susceptible to headaches is due to our mind influencing our body, which is called a psychosomatic condition. I can definitely go along with this because our mind is very powerful. As a wise person once said, â€Å"Mind over matter†. The article goes on to mention that sinuses, contrary to popular belief, are not usually the culprits in causing the headache. I always have blamed sinus troubles, or caffeine consumption, for the headaches that I have. The article mentions that many people think that it is the sinuses that are causing the headaches because migraine and cluster headaches can cause the same symptoms that people with sinus infections experience. This is surprising news to me, since all my life, I have been told that sinus infections cause headaches. There are many causes for headaches and some people have them more than others.

I felt a Funeral in my Brain Essay

Dickinson uses the metaphor of a funeral in her poem â€Å"I felt a Funeral in my Brain† to describe abstract emotions related to stressful situations that could destroy or take away everything that an individual values in life. The poem is quite permissive in the sense that it allows multiple readings where the reader may ascribe the emotions described in the poem to various situations that are difficult to cope with in life. Of course, to add dimension to the poem, Dickinson uses numerous poetic devices to enhance the experience of reading this particular piece. The piece features alliterations such as in the line, â€Å"I felt a Funeral, in my Brain,†. (1) Here there is a repetition of the consonant ‘f’ sound in the words ‘felt’ and ‘funeral’. Again, the same poetic device is seen in the line, â€Å"And I, and Silence, some strange Race†. (15) where the consonant ‘s’ sound is repeated in the words, ‘some’ and ‘strange’. Another one of these lines featuring an alliteration is the line, â€Å"And I dropped down, and down –â€Å". 18) While alliteration has no contextual function in these lines, the device serves to give the poem some sort of regular rhythm so that reading the poem is not just an intellectual experience, but also an experience that is enhanced by sound. The poem is given an interesting beat to it because of these alliterations. Another device intended to give the poem a more rhythmic quality is the assonance which is found in t he line, â€Å"Kept treading – treading – till it seemed†(3) where the vowel sound ‘ea’ is repeated in the word ‘treading’ and the vowel sound ‘I’ is repeated in the words ‘treading’,. ‘Til’, and ‘it’. In the same manner, the line, â€Å"And I, and Silence, some strange Race† (15) also demonstrates the use of assonance in the repetition of the vowel sound ‘I’ in the words ‘I’ and ‘silence’ and the repetition of the sound ‘ae’ in the words ‘strange’ and ‘race’. There are also metaphors in this very brief yet multi-dimensional poem. For instance, to demonstrate the frailty of reason, Dickinson writes, â€Å"And then a Plank in Reason, broke†. (17) Here one sees how reason is likened to a plank which breaks; a very clever way of illustrating the common human reactionary idiom which is ‘breaking under pressure’. Another metaphor in the poem is â€Å"With those same Boots of Lead, again† (11) which describes the heavy steps that a bothered or disturbed person makes. In effect, this particular line is an effective metaphor that illustrates the footfalls of a troubled or stressed person; perhaps, an experience that is familiar to most people as not having the energy to walk when stressed or trouble, hence heavy feet. Aside from metaphors, the very brief poem also manages to throw in a few similes, such as the line, â€Å"A Service, like a Drum –â€Å"(6), which likens the voices of the people in the funeral service to the incessant beating of a drum. So, the sound referred to in this line is an annoying or repetitive sound that seems to nag at the voice’s mind. Then, there is the line, â€Å"As all the Heavens were a Bell / And Being, but an Ear† (13-14) where the voice tries to illustrate how noisy or boisterous prayers are in the context of a person who is currently troubled or is dealing with problems that would seem insurmountable. These lines express the desperation of the state of the voice in that it describes how prayers are often empty and without significance or can do nothing to alleviate one’s sorry state. It is amazing how Dickinson is able to pack so many poetic devices into one very short poem. This demonstrates the brilliance of this poet in the art of poetry because it simply shows how expertly crafted and well-thought of the poem truly is. There is also a hyperbole in the poem in the lines, â€Å"And I dropped down, and down – / And hit a World, at every plunge† (18-19) describing the gravity or the seriousness of the state of the voice; hereto expressed as the feeling of falling down and hitting a world at every plunge. In effect, what the poet is saying here is that each disappointment or stressful situation puts the voice in a situation where he/she has to face the consequences presented or put before him/her by a confusing, unyielding, and indifferent society, here referred to as a â€Å"world†. Not to be left out in the poem is the personification which is found in the line, â€Å"And I, and Silence, some strange Race† (15) While personification is not immediately evident or apparent in this line, closer analysis of it would reveal, that in fact, personification is used to represent an abstract concept. When the voice puts silence in equal footage with himself/herself by treating silence as some sort of companion, personification is achieved. So, in this line, the voice of the poem claims that he/she and silence are both from a strange race; what this does is it gives the reader the illusion that apart from the ‘I’ who is a tangible concrete element of the poem, ‘silence’ which is an abstract concept also becomes a concrete element as it is personified by treating it as a companion of the ‘I’. This poem by Emily Dickinson simply demonstrates how craftsmanship is often very important in the creation of a poem. The intentions of a poet are mostly to convey emotion and to embody such emotion in words and the effective use of poetic devices achieves this particular poetic intention or objective. When a poem is able to effectively use poetic devices such reflects on the expertise and genius of the poet because while only some poetic devices can be found in some other singular poems, this poem packs in a large number, if not all poetic devices in the span of twenty lines spread throughout five stanzas. Such a feat is amazing in itself.

Senior Seminar Research Proposal

Introduction Forensic entomology is used to determine such crimes as murder, suicide, and other criminal acts by examining various insects instead of using human tissues. This forensic tool is used to determine the postmortem interval of a corpse and the cause of death of a corpse when all other forms of human evidence (human blood, tissues, hair, etc. ) are not present at the scene. Forensic entomologists prefer using insects to determine these factors of death because the insects produce similar results as human test materials such as human blood or tissues which yield the best analytical results for the forensic entomologist.The use of forensic entomological evidence has been accepted and used in many courts around the world (Anderson, 1999). The use of this tool in court can support or refute a suspect’s alibi and improves the criminal investigation against the suspect (Anderson, 1999). Even though forensic entomology is an efficient tool to use in criminal investigations there are some drawbacks to this analytical tool. Such disadvantages include improper collection of entomological evidence and improper analysis of insects after collection, resulting in incorrect entomological results and a possible false conviction of a suspect.The proposed research of this paper focused on insects being affected by different concentrations of ethanol during natural insect development and also focused on the detection of ethanol in insects using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) to determine if insects were significantly affected by ethanol exposure. The research also focused on the exposure of ethanol to the insects and how this exposure affected PMI (postmortem interval) determination. Forensic entomology is a commonly used tool to determine cause and time of death by examining various characteristics of insects that are collected at the crime scene.Such characteristics include size of the insect(s) and the life cycle stage of the insect collected. For ensic entomology becomes the most accurate and sometimes the only tool available for determining time of death, especially after 72 hours (Anderson and VanLaerhoven, 1996). Forensic entomology can also determine if a body has been moved from place to place, determine where the death occurred, determine the presence of various types of drugs and toxins present (if any), wound location, and determine who the suspect and victim are due to the presence of certain insects on the body (Grisales, et al. 2010). Background/Literature Review There are five levels of decomposition identified by a forensic entomologist when conducting an entomological investigation which include fresh, bloated, active, advanced, and remains (Grisales, et al. , 2010). These stages of decomposition are important to a forensic entomologist because insects appear on a corpse periodically throughout the decomposition cycle which therefore determines the time of death of a corpse. During these levels of decomposition insects begin to reach the corpse either by flying (adult flies) or by burrowing through the ground (pupae).Some insects can also reach the corpse by hatching from eggs (larvae) that were laid on the corpse after death. The fresh stage of decomposition involves a drop in body temperature and the appearance of very few flies on the corpse. The insects that are collected are typically larvae and are collected from the mouth of the corpse. The bloated stage of decomposition involves a significant increase in the body weight of a corpse due to rainfall exposure. The insects that are collected at this stage of decomposition are larvae found on the back, head, ears, and anus of the corpse (Grisales, et al. 2010). The active decay stage of decomposition involves fly larvae feeding on a corpse which significantly lowers the body weight of the corpse and an increased amount of fly larvae found in the intestines/ organs of the corpse (Grisales, et al. , 2010). The advanced stage of decomposi tion involves the fluctuation of body temperature depending on the location of the corpse and an even bigger decrease in body weight due to increased consumption of body tissues by fly larvae (Grisales, et al. , 2010).There is an increase in adult flies that are collected at this stage of decomposition. In the last stage of decomposition, remains, there is no continued change of the corpse and the presence of insects found decreases (Grisales, et al. , 2010). The stages of decomposition and the insects present at these stages are also used to determine the postmortem interval (PMI) of a corpse. PMI, or postmortem interval, provides important detail of situations that occurred before time of death in cases of homicide and untimely death (Byrd and Castner, 2001).Arthropods that are found on the corpse can determine the length of egg to fly transformation then to the recovered developmental stage (Gennard, 2007). The best arthropods to use are the oldest ones that were yielded from egg s when the larvae were first deposited on the corpse because they have the longest feeding time on the corpse which allows them to fully develop and retain any evidence from the corpse much longer; this will produce a more accurate PMI. Such information can help to identify both the criminal and the victim by eliminating the suspects and connecting the deceased with other individuals.The predictable physical and chemical consequences of death are usually the most reliable PMI indicators, which means knowing what an insect should look like at which developmental level to determine when a dead body became a corpse (Henssge et al. 1995). PMI is also associated with the succession rate of various insects which is another tool that is used to determine the time of death of a corpse. The succession rate includes information about the time elapsed between death and the presence of a particular arthropod or insect species and stage (Byrd and Castner, 2010).A dead body will go through very r ecognizable decomposition stages (physical, biological, and chemical changes) that attract various types of arthropods in each decomposition stage that are needed to determine the succession rate (Monthei, 2009). The most common succession rate estimated by an investigator is the age of larvae and the time interval between death and the arrival of larvae on the corpse (Byrd and Castner, 2010). The knowledge of what insects are supposed to be present and absent based on the season also helps to determine PMI.Calculation of PMI involves five different arthropod life stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, adult, and carcass) for flies when collecting insects from corpses. The egg stage of the fly is characterized by the laying of between 150-200 eggs, with the exception of some flies lying between 2000-3000 eggs, found on the body in cluster form within areas that provide protection, moisture, and food (Gennard, 2007). Fly eggs are typically shiny and white; the eggs have a similar appearance to that of a grain of rice.The reason for specific placement of eggs on a decomposing body is the fact that the body contains a high quality of nutrients which are used as a feeding source for the fly eggs to grow, as well as the influence of growth on other species of insects that feed on the decomposing body. The larval stage of the fly species is characterized into three stages (L1, L2, and L3) which correspond to the number of slits present on the backs of the larvae (Gennard, 2007). These slits are used by entomologists to determine what stage of life the larvae are in when collected.In the third larval stage, where larvae are the largest, the larvae stop feeding on the corpse and begin looking for a place to begin pupariation. Pupariation is the final stage of development in metamorphosis into the adult stage and is generally called the larval post-feeding stage (Gennard, 2007). Pupariation typically doesn’t take place on the corpse because insects in this stage prefer to be in a cool, dark place or underground, if possible. In some instances of fly larvae in pupariation, the insects were shown to pupate on the corpse.The adult stage, or the end of the life cycle, is initiated by the arthropod pushing itself out of the puparium case and once the adult fly is free from the puparium case, the insects make their journey upward through the soil. Once the adult fly has reached the top of the soil the insects release their waste and expand their wings to make their way to other corpses or decomposing material. The adult stage may be the final stage of the life cycle but the carcass of these adult flies can also be collected as evidence along will the carcasses of arthropods in each life stage.Entomotoxicology Entomotoxicology is the analysis of insects and insect remains for the presence of toxins that may have been present in the corpse before death (Goff and Lord, 1994). Detection of various toxins and controlled substances in insects found on decomposi ng human remains has contributed to the determination of both cause and manner of death by determining what times of toxins were present in the corpse before death (Lord 1990, Goff and Lord 1994, Nolte et al. , 1992).Entomotoxicology also serves as an alternative analysis tool to determine the presence of toxins or cause of death when certain specimens aren’t available for collection, such as human blood or tissues. The toxicological analysis of insect biological materials is conducted in the same manner as the toxicological analysis of human biological materials, making cause of death determination more accurate (Definis- Gojanovic, 2007). Many different species of arthropods, such as flesh flies and blowflies, are used when conducting an entomotoxicological analysis and these arthropods are used to determine the PMI or time before death.The use of entomotoxicology has many advantages, which includes determination of time before death (PMI) and identification of suspect, but this analytical tool also has several disadvantages. One disadvantage includes the issue of recording the exact temperature of the insects because if the information is incorrect then the outcome of the PMI will also be incorrect. Another disadvantage of this analytical tool is the fact that it is fairly new in the forensic science field so if an individual isn’t educated on how to use the technique then valuable entomological evidence related to the case may be lost.Lastly, if proper collection of entomological evidence isn’t conducted properly, the loss of highly important evidence relating to time of death and cause of death could be lost. Cause of death is usually determined by various types of toxins that are detected in the insect after an entomotoxicological analysis was conducted. Issues with Determination of PMI The determination of PMI can be affected by multiple factors but only two will be discussed in this research proposal which include: temperature and ethanol. Temperature involves the rise or fall of temperature to such a high or low that affects the growth or succession rate of insects.Air temperature and exposure to sunlight will raise the corpse temperature which will also increase the insect succession rate. Temperature can also be influenced by such weather conditions as rain, sun, snow, and wind which can greatly affect the amount of entomological evidence collected (insects) and the outcome of a legal investigation (Sharanowski et al. , 2008). Alcohol, or ethanol, is one of the oldest abused drugs in the world that is readily available and the most commonly abused drug in Western societies (Stripp, 2007).Ethanol is a product of fermentation due to yeast cells acting on sugars from fruits and grains that produces a clear, volatile liquid that is soluble in water (Stripp, 2007). Once ethanol enters the blood stream orally it travels in the blood into other tissues. The ethanol travels to tissues with greater water content be cause these tissues will receive greater ethanol distribution. The ethanol concentration will be different in both the corpse and the insects due to the different water amounts found in each species (insects and corpse).The rate at which ethanol is eliminated from the body is another important factor to a forensic entomologist because this can determine the time at which the individual started drinking. The focus of this experiment will involve different concentration levels of ethanol and the effects on the growth rate of the fly species Sarophagidae (flesh flies). Proposed Research The broad, long-term objectives that this research paper is focused on determining whether ethanol can affect the growth rate of entomological evidence and how much ethanol can be detected in the insects.This research is also being conducted in an attempt to make a comparison to the other research experiments to see if the results concerning growth rate of insects exposed to such drugs as morphine or he roin are similar or different to the growth rate results of insects exposed to ethanol. This research paper includes four specific aims that was accomplished as a way to make the broad objective a more manageable piece that could was easier to manipulate. Specific aim one included determining whether ethanol could be found in both test fly species after feeding on the ethanol infused beef liver.Specific aim two involved determining which concentrations of ethanol produced the most significant changes in the flies. Specific aim three involved tracking the growth rate of the fly species that were exposed to the ethanol infused beef livers (test subjects) and those who were not (control). Specific aim four involved observing any change in the growth rate data from the fly species test subjects that were exposed to three specific concentrations of ethanol. These specific aims will be used in sequential order as a way of getting closer to solving the broad objective. Experimental Methods OverviewThe research experiment hypothesized there would be significant changes in the growth rate of the fly species when exposed to the three specific concentrations of ethanol. The research experiment also predicted that there would be obvious physical changes in the flies when exposed to beef livers infused with specific concentrations of ethanol at different stages of life. The experimental design constructed for this experiment involves the fly species Sarophagidae (flesh flies) feeding on beef livers infused with ethanol over a period of eight to twenty-one days which is the general life cycle for flesh flies.The three beef livers had varying concentrations of ethanol (25 ug, 50 ug, and 100 ug) injected into them that the flesh flies were exposed to. The control group for the experiment was hand massaged with deionized water as a way to keep liquid consistency amongst the groups. At the end of the experiment, the insects were collected into a test tube and then exposed to GC MS or gas chromatography mass spectrometry in an attempt to determine the presence of ethanol in the test subject (insects). The insects were also analyzed for any type of stunted or heightened growth in regards to a normal fly life cycle.This analytical test was able to show that there was ethanol present in the fly species. Experimental Variables The independent variable in this experiment is the specific concentration of ethanol that is distributed amongst the three beef livers. The dependent variable in this experiment is the growth rate of both species after exposure to ethanol as well as the specific ethanol concentrations. The controlled group was the fly larvae that were not exposed to ethanol. The other controlled variables of this experiment were the 45 degrees Farenheit (temperature) the beef livers were maintained at and the amount of beef used (8 oz. as the feeding substrate for the fly species. The experimental groups in this experiment were three larvae groups exposed to ethanol and the control group was a larvae group not exposed to ethanol. Procedures/ Measurements The following experimental design was adapted from a previous research study conducted by George et al. , 2009. Three beef livers weighing 8 oz. each were prepared using the corresponding ethanol concentrations for the three experimental groups of the fly species tested (Experimental Group Two- 25 ug, Experimental Group Three- 50 ug, and Experimental Group Four- 100 ug). 0 mL of deionized water was distributed evenly into the control group (EG 1) to maintain liquid consistency amongst all groups. A cluster of fly larvae for the three experimental groups was collected and distributed evenly amongst the three experimental groups (2-4) as well as the control group. The beef livers were contained in a small plastic tub and refrigerated at a temperature of 45 degrees Farenheit when the beef livers were not being used to discourage spoiling of beef liver as well as to avoid evaporation of ethanol.The growth rate of the test subjects from both fly species exposed to ethanol is measured (any alteration in growth rate is the factor that is being measured) over a period of three weeks. At the end of three weeks, or longer if necessary, all of the perished insects from the experiment were collected for analysis using GCMS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) to determine the presence or absence of ethanol in the insects. Material List Deionized water Ethanol solution Fly larvae of Sarophagidae (flesh flies)Four beef livers (8 oz. each) Graduated cylinder GCMS machine Microscope Pipette Plastic tubs Refrigerator References Anderson, G. S. (1999). Wildlife Forensic Entomology: Determining Time of Death in Two Illegally Killed Black Bear Cubs. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 44(4): 856-859 Anderson, G. S. and Van Laerhoven, S. L. (1996). Initial Studies on Insects Succession on Carrion in Southwestern British Columbia. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 41: 617-625 Brown, G. , F uke, C. , Pounder, D. J. , Robertson, L. and Sadler, D. W. (1997). Barbiturates and Analgesics in Calliphora vicina Larvae. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 42(3): 481-485 Byrd, J. H. and Castner, J. L. (2001). Forensic Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL Definis- Gojanovic, M. , Britvic, D. , Kokan, B. , and Sutlovic, D. (2007). Drug Analysis in Necrophagous Flies and Human Tissues. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol, 58: 313-316 George. K. A. , Archer, M. S. , Green, L. M. , Conlan, X. A. , and Toop, T. (2009).Effect of morphine on the growth rate of Calliphora stygia (Fabricus) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and possible implications for forensic entomology. Forensic Science International (Online), 193(1): 21-25 Gennard, D. E. (2007). Forensic Entomology: An Introduction. Wiley: England Goff, M. L. and Lord, W. D. (1994). Entomotoxicology : A new area for forensic investigation. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 15:51-57 Grisales, D. , Ruiz, M. , and Villegas, S. (2010). Insects associated with exposed decomposing bodies in the Colombian Andean Coffee Region.Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 54(4): 637-644 Henssge, C. B. , Knight, B. , Krompecher, T. , Madea, B. , and Nokes, L. (1995). The estimation of the time since death in the early postmortem period. Arnold: London Lord, W. D. (1990). Case histories of the use of insects in investigations. In Entomology and death: A procedural guide, ed. E. P. , Catts and N. H, Haskell. Clemson, SC: Joyce’s Print Shop, 9-37 Monthei, D. R. (2009). Entomotoxicological and Thermal Factors Affecting the Development of Forensically Important Flies.Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Nolte, K. B. , Lord, W. D. , and Pinder, R. D. (1992). Insect Larvae Used to Detect Cocaine Poisoning in a Decomposed Body. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 37(4): 1179-1185 Sharanowski, B. J. , Walker, E. G. , and Anderson, G. S. (2008). Insect succession and decom position patterns on shaded and sunlit carrion in Saskatchewan in three different seasons. Forensic Science International, 179: 219-240 Stripp, R. A. (2007). Drugs of Abuse. The Forensic Aspects of Poisons. Chelsea House: New York

Media and Sexuality

I feel the embarrassment of women in advertising usually focus on women being considered as male sexual objects. The complete AXE campaign in commercials treats both men and women as dense idiots, and assumes that young men will believe that spraying crap on themselves will attract hot young women. The commercials has the man spraying magic cologne known as Axe, he becomes the sexual object of women's desire. Literally hundreds of women are running through the Jungle hunting down a smell as their life depends on it. When they reach the meal, the prey, which is a man is spraying Axe all over his body.The sad part is how many guys fall for it. The advertising works. My teenage stepson has his cronies over constantly during the week and weekends. My basement known as the hangout smells like an Axe bomb Just got dropped. When their friends who are girls are coming over it is the worst, they put on twice as much. I basically want to suffocate myself in sweet smelling air fresheners, It re minds me of my high school experience when all the teen boys drowned themselves in Calvin Klein cologne. I have tried to ell them that they might be actually offending some of the girls, because they might have viewed the Axe commercial.Their response Is â€Å"No way man, chicks goes crazy over this stuff. Are men really senseless enough to believe that If they spray themselves with something In a can that beautiful women as defined by the media will intensely throw themselves at them? The commercial shows attractive women tackling down guys that spray It on but It also makes guys look like Idiots because In real life no one believes putting on a cheap body spray will attract anyone. It concern me because guys who has low self esteem or are suffering from not being attracted to women are desperate enough to buy Axe products.In the Harden's ad, well-known celebrity, Kim Sardinian, Is and Is shown eating one of the hamburger chain's salads. There are two strategies going on In the ad . The first one Is the use of a celebrity to sell the product, and the second one Is the plan that uses sex appeal. The low cut dress shows off Christian's full cleavage, and the spotlight seems to be on that feature Instead of the focus merchandise, the salad. The media plays sexuality because Its market led; they give people what they want, when they want It. For men, beauty In women Is very Important, for women beauty In men Is less.A man can be considered very attractive by women without being particular handsome, or handsome at all. Media and Sexuality By sprightliness's have viewed the Axe commercial. Their response is â€Å"No way man, chicks goes crazy over this stuff. Are men really senseless enough to believe that if they spray themselves with something in a can that beautiful women as defined by the media cackling down guys that spray it on but it also makes guys look like idiots because in celebrity, Kim Sardinian, is and is shown eating one of the hamburger chain's sal ads.There are two strategies going on in the ad. The first one is the use of a celebrity to sell the product, and the second one is the plan that uses sex appeal. The that feature instead of the focus merchandise, the salad. The media plays sexuality because its market led; they give people what they want, when they want it. For men, beauty in women is very important, for women beauty in men is less. A man can be

A&P Review Sheet

LAB TIME/DATENAMER E V I E W S H E E TEXERCISE 6 Classification of Tissues Tissue Structure and Function—General Review A group of cells working together to perform a common function. They form together to make up organs1. Define tissue.2. Use the key choices to identify the major tissue types described below. Key: a. connective tissue b. epithelium c. muscle d. nervous tissue BÂ   1. lines body cavities and covers the body’s external surface 2. pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat 3. transmits electrochemical impulses 4. anchors, packages, and supports body organs 5. cells may absorb, secrete, and filter 6. most involved in regulating and controlling body functions 7. major function is to contract 8. synthesizes hormones 9. the most durable tissue type 10. abundant nonliving extracellular matrix 11. most widespread tissue in the body 12. orms nerves and the brain Epithelial Tissue3. Describe five general characteristics of epithelial tissue.4. On what basis are epithelial tissues classified?Cells fit closely together, Avascular, Sheetlike membrane Membrane has free edge, High regenerative capacity. The shape of the cells that make it up and its layers 855. List five major functions of epithelium in the body, and give examples of each.Protection Skin Absorption Cells in digestive tract Function 2:Example:Filtration cells in kidney tubule Function 3:Example:Secretion Cells in the Kidneys Function 4:Example:Endings of sensory neurons Sensory reception Function 5:Example:Function 1:Example:6.How does the function of stratified epithelia differ from the function of simple epithelia?7. Where is ciliated epithelium found? What role does it play?8.Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium with special characteristics. How does it differ structurally from other stratified squamous epithelia? How does the structural difference support its function?9. How do the endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?10. Respond to the following with the key choices. Key: a. b. simple squamous simple cuboidal c. d. simple columnar pseudostratified ciliated columnar lining of the esophagus lining of the stomach e. f. stratified squamous transitional Acts to move stuff. If moves the mucus from the respiratory tract and moves sperm in the reproductive tract. A The extra layers of the stratified Epithelia allow for better protection than the simple epithelia which only has one layer. In the respiratory tract and also in the reproductive organs nly the top layers are squamous It allows for stretching to increase the surface area. Endocrine glands produce hormones inside of the body. Exocrine glands have ducts that lead stuff out of the body, like sweat. E CÂ   1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. lveolar sacs of lungs tubules of the kidney epidermis of the skin lining of bladder; peculiar cells that have the ability to slide over each other forms the thin serous membranes; a single layer of flattened cells11. What are three general characteristics of connective tissues?Different degrees of vascularity, Common origin of CT, a large amount of extracellular matrix. Protection, support, and and help bind other tissues together12. What functions are performed by connective tissue?13. How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure?14. Using the key, choose the best response to identify the connective tissues described below. The stucture helps provide protection since the matrix is so much larger than all others. 1. attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones 2. acts as a storage depot for fat 3. the dermis of the skin 4. makes up the intervertebral discs 5. forms the hip bone Key: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. adipose connective tissue areolar connective tissue dense fibrous connective tissue elastic cartilage elastic connective tissue fibrocartilage hematopoietic tissue hyaline cartilage osseous tissue 6. composes basement membranes; a soft packagin g tissue with a jellylike matrix 7. forms the larynx, the costal cartilages of the ribs, and the embryonic skeleton 8. rovides a flexible framework for the external ear 9. firm, structurally amorphous matrix heavily invaded with fibers; appears glassy and smooth 10. matrix hard owing to calcium salts; provides levers for muscles to act on 11. insulates against heat loss 12. walls of large arteries15. Why do adipose cells remind people of a ring with a single jewel?The adipose tissue has large vacole. The vacuoles are round in shape and the nucleus is pushed to the outside so it looks like a solitare ring.16. What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons (nerve cells)?17. In what ways are neurons similar to other cells? Irritability and conductivity. They have a similar structure. They both have a nucleus and many of the same organelles. They have an Axon, which helps with the impulses. How are they different?18. Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body. The extensions that are present on the neurons help in aiding to send impulses throughout the body when they need to go a long distance. Muscle Tissue19. The three types of muscle tissue exhibit similarities as well as differences. Check the appropriate space in the chart to indicate which muscle types exhibit each characteristic.20.Label the tissue types illustrated here and on the next pages, and identify all structures provided with leaders. CT Cilia Epithilial layer Basement membrane (a) Simple columnar epithilial Basement membrane (b) Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar epithelial CT Nuclei Basement membrane Basement membrane (c) Stratified Squamous epithlial (d) Transitional epithelial CT Nucleus of fibroblast Mast cells Nucleus Collagen fiberes MAtrix (e) Areolar CT (f) dense regular CT